Hierarchical governance

• Intellectual property

• • The DMCA “take down first, ask questions later”
  • The United States—Australia FTA

• Domain names

• • ccTLDs transformed from identifiers to sovereign assets
  • US Commerce Department intervention on .xxx

• VoIP regulation

• • Clash with telecommunications regulation (ITU)
  • Some countries tax or outlaw VoIP altogether

• Is this democratic either?